History of Bocce
Remember, You Don’t Have to be Italian to Play Bocce
The Beginings of the Sport
Throwing an object toward a target is considered the oldest game known to mankind. Graphic representations of the sport, recorded as early as 5200 B.C., have been found in Egypt and the MiddleEast. While the game of Bocce today appears quite different from the ancient version, the consistently common objective of trying to come as close as possible to a fixed target remains intact. From this early objective, the basic rules of Bocce were born. The game made its way from Egypt to Greece around 800 B.C. The version of the game resembling what we know as Bocce today was refined by early Romans, who adopted the game from the Greeks and introduced it throughout their empire. Beginning with Emperor Augustus, Bocce became the sport of statesman and rulers. The Roman influence lives on today. The game’s name, Bocce, is a derivative of the Vulgate Latin bottia, which translates as “boss”.
European Growth
European history is filled with references to Bocce, both good and bad. The Greek physician Ipocrates and Italian Renaissance man Galileo both noted that the game’s athleticism and spirit of competition rejuvenated the body and the mind. Somewhere, the claim arose that playing Bocce had great therapeutic effect in curing rheumatism, and consequently the game enjoyed rapid growth throughout Europe as the sport of nobility and peasants alike. As Bocce’s popularity grew, it began to threaten and interfere with the security of states. Kings Carlos IV and V of Spain prohibited the playing of Bocce because it took too much time away from military exercises. The Republic of Venice publicly condemned the sport in 1576, and punished players with fines and imprisonment. Perhaps the gravest condemnation of Bocce came from the Catholic Church, which officially prohibited clergy and deterred the laity from playing the game by proclaiming Bocce a means of gambling. Contrary to the rest of Europe, British nobility such as Queen Elizabeth I and Sir Francis Drake were avid players. According to lore, Sir Frances Drake refused to set out to defend England against the Spanish Armada until he finished a game of Bocce. He proclaimed, “First we finish the game, then we’ll deal with the Armada!”
Bocce Comes to America
The sport first came to America with the English, with one early American playing field being Bowling Green at the southern tip of Manhattan. Though George Washington built a court and played regularly at Mount Vernon in the 1780s, the game did not flourish until turn of the century Italian immigrants brought their enthusiasm for the sport with them to America.
During its beginnings in the U.S. there were many versions of the game. In 1947, fifteen teams in and around the town of Rivoli (Torino) organized the first Bocce “club”, first Italian League, and the first of the yearly World Bocce Championships, bringing some order to the game. This idea of “order” soon spread to the new world, though the game is still played by several different sets of “regional rules” in the United States.
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